Sabtu, 05 Oktober 2013

06.15

By Farras Daffa A.

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Penghuni Palung Mariana, Tempat Terdalam Di Dunia


      Mungkin boi akan bertanya-tanya, apa gerangan palung mariana itu. Palung mariana yang merupakan lokasi terdalam di dunia menyimpan sejuta misteri. Termasuk makhluk-makhluk unik yang dapat bertahan dalam kondisi ekstrim di laut terdalam


Palung mariana terletak di samudera pasifik, sebelah timur kepulauan mariana, tepatnya dengan koordinat 11° 21' utara latitude dan 142° 12' timur longitude, juga dekat jepang. Palung mariana merupakan bagian terdalam dari laut di dunia, sekaligus merupakan lokasi yang terdalam di dunia.

Dan jika palung ini dibandingkan dengan puncak bumi yang tertinggi di dunia yaitu mount everest yaitu 8888 meter ( mungkin udah bertambah skrang,krena lempengnya selalu mengalami gerakan gan).....

Dan hasil perbandingannya yaitu...
Dimana klo diukur dari permukaan bumi kita bisa mengambil perbandingan sec.matematis yaitu :

Palung mariana : Mount everest = 8 : 11.....( persamaan gw ini gk salah..krena gw gk bodoh matematika gan....jngan dibilang 11:8..itu salah gan..)

jadi memiliki nilai 8 untuk mount everest dan 11 utk palung mariana...

Perbandingan nilai nilai besar juga boi....
Padahal manusia dalam melakukan epspedisi bwah laut belum sampai sgitu....

Akankah ada masanya suatu saat nanti.....

Ok boi......

Gw gk bnyak bekicot......lgsung aja nih....infonya lainnya

mhon dibaca ya boi....

ini boi posisi tepatnya:

kedalaman palung mariana sendiri adalah 11.033 meter atau sekitar 11 kilometer, sementara tekanan di bagian terdalam palung tersebut mencapai 8 ton per inci persegi atau akan membuat badan manusia pecah tak berbentuk. Sementara itu, panjang palung mariana adalah sebesar 2,542 km dengan lebar 69 km. Sungguh mengerikan ya.. Dua gambar ini adalah ilustrasi kedalaman palung mariana, dengan lekuk tebing dan kedalaman yang ekstrem.

Huuuhhhh.ngeriboi ...

Gk kebayang........bisa mati tuh klo diving di situ.....
nih boi ilustrasi reliefnya :

dalam kan boi......
Gk kebayang gimana nantinya cara manusia modern untuk bisa menyelam dan melakukan ekspedisi ke dalamnya...
Ternyata seperti itu ya bentuk dasar lautan di palung mariana...
Tebing2 nya sungguh mengerikan.....

ini gambar perbandingan jauhnya permukaan lautnya dengan kedalamannya boi : Ngeri dalamnya boi

menurut sejarah......

Ekspedisi yang pernah dilakukan manusia dengan penyelaman laut dalam dengan mnggunakan alat baru cuma sampai kedalaman 2500 meter boi.....

Dan ini merupakan ekspedisi bawah laut dengan alat yang berawak.....

Tapi coba bandingkan dengan yg ini boiiiiiii.....

Kedalamannya aja mncapai 11.033 meter ........

Ngeri banget......

ini boi kengeriannya :

Kedalaman laut dengan tekanan luar biasa tinggi ini awalnya dianggap hanya dihuni oleh spesies primitif, namun penemuan belakangan ini menunjukkan bahwa di dalam laut terdalam terdapat banyak spesies yang bahkan belum bisa diidentifikasi. Beberapa merupakan makhluk yang ukurannya kecil, namun mereka bisa bertahan dalam kondisi lingkungan yang paling ekstrim.

Berikut ini adalah gambar-gambar dari makhluk unik penghuni palung mariana.

Bagi boi yang mau liat silahkan....

Buat nambah ilmu boi juga...

bnyak boi gambarnya .....saya orang yang baik...yg mau brbagi ilmu...

Hehehe...

1.dimulai dari ini boi:ngeri boi ikannya

2.lucu boi :

3.baru sekali ini liat.:

4.bentuknya masi kurang jelas

5.kaya bola pingpong boi

6. ikan kecil

7.kaya ubur -ubur besar yang mngerikan

8.octopus langka

10.octopus juga.....tapi punya tanduk

11.masi octopus juga boi

12.kaya hewan pembunuh boi.....
tapi belum terdeteksi boi....nama latinnya aja belum ada

13.kayak hewan pninggalan sejarah boi ( primitif )

14.yg ini keren boi ikannya....dia pake antenanya....

15.octopus lagi......kayaknya spesies yang paling banyak di palung mariana nih sebagian besar octopus.......bingung-bingung

16.yang ini kayak serangga gitu boi yang lagi beraksi kayaknya.....

06.14

By Farras Daffa A.

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The World’s Fastest Animals on Land, Sea and Air



Photograph by DECKSTER1965


CHEETAHS: THE WORLD’S FASTEST LAND ANIMALS


The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is a large-sized feline inhabiting most of Africa and parts of the Middle East. They are the only felid with non-retractable claws and pads that, by their scope, disallow gripping (therefore cheetahs cannot climb vertical trees, although they are generally capable of reaching easily accessible branches). The cheetah, however, achieves by far the fastest land speed of any living animal—between 112 and 120 km/h (70 and 75 mph) in short bursts covering distances up to 500 m (1,600 ft), and has the ability to accelerate from 0 to over 100 km/h (62 mph) in three seconds.
Adaptations that enable the cheetah to run as fast as it does include large nostrils that allow for increased oxygen intake, and an enlarged heart and lungs that work together to circulate oxygen efficiently. During a typical chase, its respiratory rate increases from 60 to 150 breaths per minute. While running, in addition to having good traction due to its semi-retractable claws, the cheetah uses its tail as a rudder-like means of steering to allow it to make sharp turns, necessary to outflank prey animals that often make such turns to escape. [Source]




Photograph by GARY EYRING


Photograph by SAFARI PARTNERS


Photograph by SAFARI PARTNERS


Photograph by SAFARI PARTNERS


SAILFISH: THE WORLD’S FASTEST ANIMALS IN WATER



Photograph by ALEXANDER SAFONOV
Sailfish are two species of fish in the genus Istiophorus, living in warmer sections of all the oceans of the world. They are predominately blue to gray in color and have a characteristic erectile dorsal fin known as a sail, which often stretches the entire length of the back. Another notable characteristic is the elongated bill, resembling that of the swordfish and other marlins. They are therefore described as billfish in sport fishing circles.
Both species of sailfish grow quickly, reaching 1.2–1.5 metres (3 ft 10 in–4 ft 10 in) in length in a single year, and feed on the surface or at mid-depths on smaller pelagic forage fish and squid. Individuals have been clocked at speeds of up to 110 kilometres per hour (68 mph), which is the highest speed reliably reported in a fish. Generally, sailfish do not grow to more than 3 metres (9.8 ft) in length and rarely weigh over 90 kilograms (200 lb).
The sail is normally kept folded down and to the side when swimming, but it may be raised when the sailfish feels threatened or excited, making the fish appear much larger than it actually is. This tactic has also been observed during feeding, when a group of sailfish use their sails to “herd” a school of fish or squid.
Sailfish are highly prized game fish and are known for their incredible jumps. They can appear in a startling array of colors, from subdued browns and grays to vibrant purples and even silver. Their body colors are often highlighted by stripes of iridescent blue and silver dots. Sailfish can change their colors almost instantly; a change controlled by their nervous system. The sailfish can rapidly turn its body light blue with yellowish stripes when excited, confusing its prey and making capture easier, while signalling its intentions to fellow sailfish. [Source]




Photograph by ALEXANDER SAFONOV


Photograph by ALEXANDER SAFONOV

Photograph by PAUL NICKLEN


PEREGRINE FALCONS: FASTEST ANIMALS IN THE WORLD



Photograph by KEVIN COLE
The Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), is a widespread bird of prey in the family Falconidae. A large, crow-sized falcon, it has a blue-gray back, barred white underparts, and a black head and “moustache”. The Peregrine is renowned for its speed, reaching over 325 km/h (202 mph) during its characteristic hunting stoop, making it the fastest member of the animal kingdom.
The Peregrine’s breeding range includes land regions from the Arctic tundra to the tropics. It can be found nearly everywhere on Earth, except extreme polar regions, very high mountains, and most tropical rainforests; the only major ice-free landmass from which it is entirely absent is New Zealand. This makes it the world’s most widespread bird of prey. [Source]




Photograph by STEVE HAPP


Photograph by JOHN DALKIN


Photograph by NEIL O’REILLY


Photograph by PETE WALKDEN


Thank's For :  Twisted Sifter Website
06.12

By Farras Daffa A.

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Deadly 13th-Century Volcano Eruption: Mystery Solved?


Deadly 13th-Century Volcano Eruption: Mystery Solved?

Scientists find source of massive eruption felt centuries ago around the globe.

The 1257 A.D. explosion was eight times stronger than Krakatoa (pictured).
The 1257 A.D. explosion was eight times stronger than Krakatoa (pictured).
Illustration from Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Brian Handwerk
National Geographic
Published September 30, 2013
One of history's great disaster mysteries may be solved—the case of the largest volcanic eruption in the last 3,700 years. Nearly 800 years ago, the blast that was recorded, and then forgotten, may also have created a "Pompeii of the Far East," researchers suggest, which might lie buried and waiting for discovery on an Indonesian island.
The source of an eruption that scattered ash from pole to pole has been pinpointed as Samalas volcano on Indonesia's Lombok Island. The research team, led by geographer Franck Lavigne of the Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, has now dated the event to between May and October of 1257. The findings were published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"It's been a long time that some people have been looking," said Lavigne. After glaciologists turned up evidence for the blast three decades ago, volcano experts had looked for the origin of the eruption everywhere from New Zealand's Okataina volcano to Mexico's El Chichón.
The previously unattributed eruption was an estimated eight times as large as the famed Krakatau explosion (1883) and twice as large as Tambora in 1815, the researchers estimate. (Related: "Tambora: The Greatest Explosion in History.") "Until now we thought that Tambora was the largest eruption for 3,700 years," Lavigne said, but the study reveals that the 1257 event was even larger.
Volcano Mystery Uncovered
To solve the mystery, the multidisciplinary team paired known clues with new radiocarbon-dating results, volcanic ejecta chemistry, stratigraphic data, and historical writings. "This eruption was known by many different disciplines, many researchers," Lavigne said, "but the main problem may be that they worked individually. I think this is a key point for work on other eruptions. We had geologists, geochemists, geographers, historians, radiocarbon-dating specialists, and many others—all these researchers from different specialties to combine facts."
The cataclysm blasted 10 cubic miles (40 cubic kilometers) of debris up to 27 miles (43 kilometers) high into the sky, producing fallout that settled around the world. Near the volcano itself, it settled into thick deposits that the team sampled in over 130 places to produce a stratigraphic and sedimentologic picture of the way the eruption unfolded.
The scientists refined the eruption date by sampling carbonized tree trunks and branches along the flanks of the Samalas and Rinjani volcanoes. The radiocarbon data was consistent with the mid-century eruption date and showed no samples younger than 1257. Those radiocarbon dates ruled out other likely candidates, such as El Chichón and Okataina, whose eruptions occurred outside this time frame. (Related: "Mega-eruptions Caused Mass Extinction, Study Finds.")
Further afield, the volcanic sulfate and tephra became locked in ice core samples taken from both Greenland and Antarctica. The eruption's geochemical "fingerprint" was uncovered two decades ago, Lavigne said. "We started with the ice cores," he said, "and we know from the [distribution near both poles] that the eruption was tropical."
That narrowed the field further. Ecuador's Quilotoa did produce a massive, caldera-creating eruption in roughly the same time period, and an enduring caldera much like the massive example at Segara Anak—but the findings from the ice samples ruled it out. Geochemical composition studies of glass shards found in both the Greenland ice sheet and Antarctica are much less of a match for the glass chemistry of Quilotoa tephra—but a very convincing match for Samalas glass.
"This just shows that there is a lot we don't know about volcanic eruptions, even what may seem like basic questions about some of these very big eruptions," said geologist Ben Andrews of the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, which maintains a public database chronicling 10,000 years of volcanic eruptions. "This international team of scholars did a huge amount of work to help us understand this one."
Impact Felt Around the World
Though the eruption was equatorial, its impact was felt and noted around the world. "The climate was disturbed for at least two years after the eruption," Lavigne said. Evidence of this was found in studies of tree rings that revealed abnormal growth rates, climate models, and historical records from as far afield as Europe."
Medieval chronicles, for example, describe the summer of 1258 as unseasonably cold, with poor harvests and incessant rains that triggered destructive floods—a "year without a summer." The winter immediately following the eruption was warmer in western Europe, however, as would be expected from high-sulfur eruptions in the tropics. The team cites historical records from Arras (northern France) that speak of a winter so mild "that frost barely lasted for more than two days," and even in January 1258 "violets could be observed, and strawberries and apple trees were in blossom."
In Indonesia records describe a catastrophe of a far more destructive and immediate sort. Found written on palm leaves, the Old Javanese texts of theBabad Lombok describe a massive volcanic blast that formed a caldera at Mount Samalas, on Lombok Island. The writing describes the deaths of thousands of people due to deadly ashfall and pyroclastic flows that destroyed Pamatan, capital of the kingdom, and surrounding lands. While the records did not list an exact date, they narrowed the field considerably by stating that it took place before the end of the 13th century, lining up the historical record with the scientific evidence of the eruption.
Andrews noted that actual descriptions of such an enormous eruption are extremely rare because such eruptions happen only about once every 600 years. "This kind of chronicle could only be written if one of them happened near enough to where people were writing the records but not so near that the eruption clobbered them," he said.
In the case of Samalas, a far more tantalizing physical remnant than texts could await discovery—the ancient Lombok kingdom's capital of Pamatan, perhaps buried by the enormous blast. "Pamatan might represent a 'Pompeii of the Far East,'" the study authors note, but in what condition is anyone's guess.
"It's certainly intriguing," Andrews added. "Sometimes the effects of pyroclastic flow can be relatively gentle, like Pompeii where ash killed everyone but didn't obliterate the city. Other eruptions, like parts of Mount St. Helens in 1980, leveled areas of the countryside, so sometimes these flows just destroy everything. You really just do not know."






Thank's To : nationalgeographic
06.11

By Farras Daffa A.

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